Python Programming

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from here The best way to learn Python is by practicing examples. The page contains examples on basic concepts of Python. You are advised to take the references from these examples and try them on your own. All the programs on this page are tested and should work on all platforms.

Python 使用環境 Google drive Colab Notebooks

米オライリーが2021年1月25日に発表した、 オンライン学習の人気プログラミング言語ランキングにおいて、 Pythonが1位になったと公表しました。 人気第1位に輝いたPythonで結局何ができるかを カテゴリ別にわかりやすくお伝えします。 Pythonをこれから学習し始めようか悩んでいる方にとっては必見の内容です。 0:00 ダイジェスト 00:19 最初の説明 00:27 動画の趣旨 01:03 まずはじめに 01:30 Pythonでできること 04:49 Pythonで実装すべきオススメ領域 07:07 正直、別の言語の方がいい領域 09:03 結論

import statistics data=[600,470,170,430,300] print('mean : ',statistics.mean(data)) print('median : ',statistics.median(data)) print('variance : ',statistics.pvariance(data)) print('stdev : ',statistics.pstdev(data)) ==== RESTART: C:/python/statisticsTest.py ===== mean : 394 median : 430 variance : 21704 stdev : 147.32277488562318 >>> from here

ソースファイル import sys a=sys.argv print(a) 実行結果

プログラムソース # important def f(a,L=[]): L.append(a) return L print('f output') print(f(1)) print(f(2)) print(f(3)) def f2(a,L=None): if L==None: L=[] L.append(a) return L print('f2 output') print(f2(1)) print(f2(2)) print(f2(3)) ===== RESTART: C:/python/Def_importantWarning.py === f output [1] [1, 2] [1, 2, 3] f2 output [1] [2] [3] >>>

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スコープとは、変数の値を参照できる範囲のことです。 変数が関数の外で定義されているときは、関数の中でも参照できます。 変数が関数の中で定義されているときは、関数の外では参照できません。 globalとして定義された変数は、どこからでも参照できます。 >>> g=100 >>> def func(): l=200 print(g) >>> func() 100 >>> print(l) Traceback (most recent call last): File " ", line 1, in print(l) NameError: name 'l' is not defined >>> def func2(): global g2 g2=500 >>> func2() >>> print(g2) 500 >>>

プログラム　ソース import os #Getting Current Working Directory print(os.getcwd()) #print(os.listdir()) os.mkdir("testoffolder") os.chdir("testoffolder") print(os.getcwd()) print("listdir") print(os.listdir()) os.chdir("..") print(os.getcwd()) os.rmdir("./testoffolder") 実行結果（再実行OK) ======= RESTART: C:/python/OsModuleTest.py ======= C:\python C:\python\testoffolder listdir [] C:\python >>>

プログラムソース def readFile(fileName): #opens the file in read mode. fileObj = open(fileName, "r") #puts the file into an array. words = fileObj. read(). splitlines() fileObj. close() return words a1=readFile("test.txt") print(a1) 結果 ===== RESTART: C:/python/convertFileToList.py ========== ['112222', 'aaaaa', 'mmmmm', 'aaaaaaa'] >>>

>>> x = dict(name = "John", age = 36, country = "Norway") >>> x {'name': 'John', 'age': 36, 'country': 'Norway'} >>> complex(10.,20.0) (10+20j) >>> int0=12345 >>> str(int0) '12345' >>> int0.__str__() '12345' >>> float(1234) 1234.0 >>> float('123') 123.0 >>> int('123') 123 >>> int(123.456) 123 >>> eval('10+20-10') 20 >>> tuple('ABC123') ('A', 'B', 'C', '1', '2', '3') >>> list('ABC123') ['A', 'B', 'C', '1', '2', '3'] >>> set('ABC123') {'3', '1', '2', 'A', 'C', 'B'} >>> hex(255) '0xff' >>> oct(255) '0o377'

Hit and Blowは有名な数字当てゲームです。 出題者は0から9までの数字を重複しないように決められた桁数選びます。 解答者は何度でも回答できます。外れた場合は、 Hit(当たっている数) Blow(数字は当たっているが桁が違う) それぞれの数を教えてもらえます。 例. 正解 = "146" 回答(1) = "241" 1 Hit, 1 Blow これをヒントに正解を目指すというゲームです。 import random def hitblow(command, ans): hit = 0 blow = 0 for i in range(len(command)): if command[i] == ans[i]: hit += 1 else: if command[i] in ans: blow += 1 return [hit, blow] def generatoroff(length):　# not used ans = [] while len(ans) ".format(digit)) your_ans = [int(command[i]) for i in range(len(command))] [hit, blow] = hitblow(your_ans, ans) print("{}: {} Hit, {} Blow".format(command, hit, blow)) if hit == len(ans): print("Congratulations!!! You took {} steps.".format(count)) cont = False === RESTART: C:/python/Hit AndBlow02.py =============== Hit & Blow Game Please, enter the number of digits you want to play: 2 G...

・コンピュータがランダムに生成する３桁の数値を当てるゲーム。 ・３桁の数字を回答し、数字の位置と数値があっていればヒット。 ・数字の位置は違うが、数値があっていればブロー。 ・３ヒットになれば正解（クリアー） import random k = ["0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9"] #print(k) random.shuffle(k) #print(k) kotae = [k[0],k[1],k[2]] #print(kotae) hit = 0 count = 0 while hit != 3: count +=1 q = input("? ") print(q[0]+q[1]+q[2]) hit = 0 blow = 0 if(q[0] == k[0]): hit +=1 if(q[1] == k[1]): hit +=1 if(q[2] == k[2]): hit +=1 print(str(hit)+" Hit") if(q[1] == k[0]): blow +=1 if(q[2] == k[0]): blow +=1 if(q[0] == k[1]): blow +=1 if(q[2] == k[1]): blow +=1 if(q[0] == k[2]): blow +=1 if(q[1] == k[2]): blow +=1 print(str(blow)+" Blow") print('Clear! ' + str(count)) ====================== RESTART: C:/python/HitAndBlow01.py ====...

朝起きてから、パイソンのプログラミングに下図作成しました。 以前スクラッチで描画したものの応用です。 The Sierpiński triangle is a fractal attractive fixed set with the overall shape of an equilateral triangle, subdivided recursively into smaller equilateral triangles. シェルピンスキーの三角形は、正三角形の全体的な形状を備えたフラクタルの魅力的な固定セットであり、より小さな正三角形に再帰的に分割されます。Wikipedia import turtle as t t.setup(width=450,height=650) t.screensize(canvwidth=450,canvheight=650) p=t.Pen() p.hideturtle() p.speed("fastest") def traiangle(width,n): if n==0: return for i in range(3): p.forward(width) p.left(120) traiangle(width/2,n-1) nn=0 for j in range(3): for k in range(2): nn=nn+1 p.up() p.setx(-220+k*220) p.sety(-320+j*210) p.down() traiangle(200,nn)

Google Colaboratoryは、WEB上でPythonを実行できる無料ツールです。 Google Colaboratory で環境を構築するまでの流れ Google Driveを開いて、「新規」の「その他」の中になる「＋ アプリを追加 」をクリックします。 さっそくGoogle Colaboratoryで「Hello, World」してみましょう。 このようにセルに「 print (“Hello, World”) 」と入力して、左の再生マークもしくは「control + Enter 」をすると 通常のローカルPCに環境を構築する方法とは違い、Google Colaboratoryを利用すれば、専門知識がなくてもすぐにPythonを実行できます。 加えて、このように通常のドキュメントやスプレッドシートと同じように、ファイルを共有して他の人と共同で編集したり、コードにコメントを入力してもらうことも可能です。 Google Colaboratory には、通常のローカルPCに環境を構築する方法にはないメリットがたくさんあります。興味のある人はぜひ実際に試してみてください。 1回のセッションにつき90分/12時間しか利用できなといった制限もありますが、何よりサービスは無料で利用できますし、どんなものか実際に試してみる分には、まったく問題なく利用できると思います。 出典ここから

Beautiful is better than ugly. Explicit is better than implicit. Simple is better than complex. Complex is better than complicated. Flat is better than nested. Sparse is better than dense. Readability counts. Special cases aren't special enough to break the rules. Although practicality beats purity. Errors should never pass silently. Unless explicitly silenced. In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess. There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it. Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch. Now is better than never. Although never is often better than *right* now. If the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea. If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea. Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those! The meaning of the 6th line is as follows. Sparse is better than dense. — In short, “don't try to stick too much code on one line.” [X] Although efficien...

There are six sequence types: strings, Unicode strings, lists, tuples, buffers, and xrange objects. This table lists the sequence operations sorted in ascending priority (operations in the same box have the same priority). In the table, s and t are sequences of the same type; n, i and j are integers: from here

import time as t now=t.localtime() print('localtime()') print(now) print() print("t.strftime('%y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',now)") print(t.strftime('%y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',now)) import datetime as dt nowdt= dt.datetime.now() print() print('nowdt') print(nowdt) print('nowdt.isoformat()') print(nowdt.isoformat()) nextyear=dt.datetime(2022,1,1) print() print('delta.days') delta=nextyear-nowdt print(delta.days) ==== RESTART: C:/python/time&datetimeTest.py === localtime() time.struct_time(tm_year=2021, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=28, tm_hour=10, tm_min=37, tm_sec=53, tm_wday=6, tm_yday=59, tm_isdst=0) t.strftime('%y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',now) 21-02-28 10:37:53 nowdt 2021-02-28 10:37:53.398604 nowdt.isoformat() 2021-02-28T10:37:53.398604 delta.days 306 >>>

import turtle as t def takakkei(n,w): p=t.Pen() p.reset() p.up() p.goto(-25,-120) p.down() c=('red','green','pink','aqua','blue') deg=360//n for x in range(1,n+1): z=x%5 p.color(c[z]) p.forward(w) p.left(deg) t.setup(width=300,height=300) t.bgcolor("white") for i in range(3,16): takakkei(i,50) 実行結果 >>> === RESTART: C:/python/turtleDrawTakakkei.py === >>>

import pandas as pd import os import numpy as np path=os.getcwd() print(path) def2=pd.read_csv('c:\python\sample2.csv') print(def2) table=pd.pivot_table(def2,values='price', index=['date'], columns=['item'],aggfunc=np.sum) print() print("ピボット集計　結果") print(table) ==== RESTART: C:/Users/ooshi/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python39/pandasCloss.py ==== C:\Users\ooshi\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39 date item price 0 2015-01-01 apple 300 1 2015-01-01 apple 300 2 2015-01-01 orange 250 3 2015-01-02 orange 240 4 2015-01-02 orange 240 5 2015-01-02 banana 260 ピボット集計　結果 item apple banana orange date 2015-01-01 600.0 NaN 250.0 2015-01-02 NaN 260.0 480.0 >>>

import pandas as pd import numpy as np df = pd.DataFrame({"A": ["foo", "foo", "foo", "foo", "foo", "bar", "bar", "bar", "bar"], "B": ["one", "one", "one", "two", "two", "one", "one", "two", "two"], "C": ["small", "large", "large", "small", "small", "large", "small", "small", "large"], "D": [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7], "E": [2, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 8, 9, 9]}) print(df) table = pd.pivot_table(df, values='D', index=['A', 'B'], columns=['C'], aggfunc=np.su...

Pythonのおもな組み込み型の分類表 変更不可（イミュータブル、immutable） 値を変更するには、箱ごと変えなければいけない（中身を変えられない箱） 変更可（ミュータブル、mutable） 箱はそのままで、中身の値だけを変えることができる（中身を変えられる箱） 反復可（イテラブル、iterable） 要素を１つずつ返すことができるオブジェクト」です。 わかりやすく言うと、for文のinのうしろに置いて、 １つずつデータを取り出せるオブジェクトです。 シーケンス（sequence） 整数のインデックスを指定して、要素にアクセスできる」データ型です。 組み込み関数len()で要素数（長さ）を取得できます。 文字列（str）もシーケンスです。 マッピング（mapping） 任意のキーで要素を検索できる」データ型です。 シーケンスが整数のインデックスを指定して要素にアクセスするのに対して、 マッピングは任意のキーを使用できます。 辞書（dict）が代表的なマッピング型です。

>>> help("yield") The "yield" statement ********************* yield_stmt ::= yield_expression A "yield" statement is semantically equivalent to a yield expression. The yield statement can be used to omit the parentheses that would otherwise be required in the equivalent yield expression statement. For example, the yield statements yield yield from are equivalent to the yield expression statements (yield ) (yield from ) Yield expressions and statements are only used when defining a *generator* function, and are only used in the body of the generator function. Using yield in a function definition is sufficient to cause that definition to create a generator function instead of a normal function. For full details of "yield" semantics, refer to the Yield expressions section. >>>

def myfunc(): yield 'one' yield 'two' yield 'three' yield 12345 print("test myfunc") for s in myfunc(): print(s) print("test myfunc by next") gene = myfunc() print(next(gene)) print(next(gene)) print(next(gene)) def myfunc2(x:int): # 0からxまでの値を2倍して返す for z in range(x): yield z*2 print("test myfunc2") for i in myfunc2(5): print(i) ===== RESTART: C:/python/yieldTest20210224.py === test myfunc one two three 12345 test myfunc by next one two three test myfunc2 0 2 4 6 8 >>>

We should use yield when we want to iterate over a sequence but don't want to store the entire sequence in memory. yield is used in Python generators. A generator function is defined like a normal function, but whenever it needs to generate a value, it does so with the yield keyword rather than return.

#solution : generate cubes of numbers def cubicvar(): i=1 while True: yield i*i*i i +=1 print("cubes of number") for num in cubicvar(): if num> 1000: break print(num) ======= RESTART: C:/python/generateCubesOfNUmber.py ==== cubes of number 1 8 27 64 125 216 343 512 729 1000 >>>

Numpy arrays are great alternatives to Python Lists. Some of the key advantages of Numpy arrays are that they are fast, easy to work with, and give users the opportunity to perform calculations across entire arrays. In the following example, you will first create two Python lists. Then, you will import the numpy package and create numpy arrays out of the newly created lists. # Create 2 new lists height and weight height = [1.6, 1.87, 1.87, 1.82, 1.91] weight = [55.2,81.65, 97.52, 95.25, 92.98] print("height") print(height) print("weight") print(weight) # Import the numpy package as np import numpy as np # Create 2 numpy arrays from height and weight np_height = np.array(height) np_weight = np.array(weight) print("type") print(type(np_height)) # Calculate bmi bmi = np_weight / np_height ** 2 # Print the result print("BMI") print(bmi) # For a boolean response print("bmi > 23") print(bmi > 23) print("bmi 23]...

import random def lottery(): # returns 6 numbers between 1 and 40 for i in range(6): yield random.randint(1, 40) # returns a 7th number between 1 and 15 yield random.randint(1,15) # returns a 8th number between 100 and 120 yield random.randint(100,120) for random_number in lottery(): print("And the next number is... %d!" %(random_number)) ========= RESTART: C:/python/lottery20210222.py ======== And the next number is... 25! And the next number is... 25! And the next number is... 16! And the next number is... 38! And the next number is... 22! And the next number is... 4! And the next number is... 9! And the next number is... 115! >>>

learnpython.org is a free interactive Python tutorial - one of the Interactive Tutorials websites. Interactive Tutorials is a personal project of mine aimed at making everyone in the world be able to learn how to code for free. The servers used to run the tutorials and the time invested in writing tutorials is funded through ads. The vision is to teach coding within the browser using short and effective exercises. By running actual code directly from the web browser, students are able to try out coding without installing and executing it locally, which can be hard and redundant for the purpose of learning how to code. This creates a more efficient learning process, because students focus on learning instead of setting up coding environments. This website and its content may be used freely and without charge, and it will always be free. source from here

Pandas is a high-level data manipulation tool developed by Wes McKinney. It is built on the Numpy package and its key data structure is called the DataFrame. DataFrames allow you to store and manipulate tabular data in rows of observations and columns of variables. There are several ways to create a DataFrame. One way way is to use a dictionary. For example: dict = {"country": ["Brazil", "Russia", "India", "China", "South Africa"], "capital": ["Brasilia", "Moscow", "New Dehli", "Beijing", "Pretoria"], "area": [8.516, 17.10, 3.286, 9.597, 1.221], "population": [200.4, 143.5, 1252, 1357, 52.98] } import pandas as pd print(dict) brics = pd.DataFrame(dict) print(brics) brics.index = ["BR", "RU", "IN", "CH", "SA"] print(brics) ===== RESTART: C:/python/PandasDataFrames...

C:\Users\ooshi>python -m pip install --upgrade pip Requirement already satisfied: pip in c:\users\ooshi\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages (21.0.1) C:\Users\ooshi>pip list Package Version ------------------------- --------- altgraph 0.17 cycler 0.10.0 et-xmlfile 1.0.1 future 0.18.2 jdcal 1.4.1 kiwisolver 1.3.1 matplotlib 3.3.3 numpy 1.19.4 openpyxl 3.0.5 panda3d 1.10.8 pandas 1.2.2 pefile 2019.4.18 Pillow 8.1.0 pip 21.0.2 pygame 2.0.1 pyinstaller 4.2 pyinstaller-hooks-contrib 2020.11 pyparsing 2.4.7 python-dateutil 2.8.1 pytz 2021.1 pywin32 300 pywin32-ctypes 0.2.0 reportlab ...

>>> import keyword >>> dir(keyword) ['__all__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'iskeyword', 'issoftkeyword', 'kwlist', 'softkwlist'] >>> keyword.iskeyword("for") True >>> keyword.issoftkeyword('for') False >>> keyword.softkwlist [] >>> keyword.kwlist ['False', 'None', 'True', '__peg_parser__', 'and', 'as', 'assert', 'async', 'await', 'break', 'class', 'continue', 'def', 'del', 'elif', 'else', 'except', 'finally', 'for', 'from', 'global', 'if', 'import', 'in', 'is', 'lambda', 'nonlocal', 'not', 'or', ...

Tkinter is Python’s standard GUI (Graphical User Interface) package. It is one of the most commonly used package for GUI applications which comes with the Python itself. Menus are the important part of any GUI. A common use of menus is to provide convenient access to various operations such as saving or opening a file, quitting a program, or manipulating data. Toplevel menus are displayed just under the title bar of the root or any other toplevel windows. # importing only those functions # which are needed from tkinter import * from tkinter.ttk import * from time import strftime # creating tkinter window root = Tk() root.title('Menu Demonstration') # Creating Menubar menubar = Menu(root) # Adding File Menu and commands file = Menu(menubar, tearoff = 0) menubar.add_cascade(label ='File', menu = file) file.add_command(label ='New File', command = None) file.add_command(label ='Open...', command = None) file.add_command(l...

Tkinter is a built-in standard python library. With the help of Tkinter, many GUI applications can be created easily. There are various types of widgets available in Tkinter such as button, frame, label, menu, scrolledtext, canvas and many more. A widget is an element that provides various controls. ScrolledText widget is a text widget with a scroll bar. The tkinter.scrolledtext module provides the text widget along with a scroll bar. This widget helps the user enter multiple lines of text with convenience. Instead of adding a Scroll bar to a text widget, we can make use of a scrolledtext widget that helps to enter any number of lines of text. # Python program demonstrating # ScrolledText widget in tkinter import tkinter as tk from tkinter import ttk from tkinter import scrolledtext # Creating tkinter main window win = tk.Tk() win.title("ScrolledText Widget") # Title Label ttk.Label(win, text = "ScrolledText Widget Example insert"...

Python 言語リファレンス ではプログラミング言語 Python の厳密な構文とセマンティクスについて説明されていますが、このライブラリリファレンスマニュアルでは Python とともに配付されている標準ライブラリについて説明します。また Python 配布物に収められていることの多いオプションのコンポーネントについても説明します。 Python の標準ライブラリはとても拡張性があり、下の長い目次のリストで判るように幅広いものを用意しています。このライブラリには、例えばファイル I/O のように、Python プログラマが直接アクセスできないシステム機能へのアクセス機能を提供する (Cで書かれた) 組み込みモジュールや、日々のプログラミングで生じる多くの問題に標準的な解決策を提供するPython で書かれたモジュールが入っています。これら数多くのモジュールには、プラットフォーム固有の事情をプラットフォーム独立な API へと昇華させることにより、Pythonプログラムに移植性を持たせ、それを高めるという明確な意図があります。 From here

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関数 結果 説明 abs(-10) 10 bool(0) False bool(my_null_list) my_null_list=[] False リストが空か調べる exec(my_small_program) my_small_progaram=‘‘‘print(‘dog‘) print(‘cat‘)‘‘‘ 引数の中にプログラムを書く eval('10*5') 50 float(12) 12.0 float('12.345' 12.345 len('this is a test string') 21 max([10,200,30,50]) 200 min([10,200,30,50]) 10 print(list(range(0,3))) 結果 [0,1,2] イテレータをリストに変換 sum((1,2,3)) 6 タプルの合計 sum([1,2,3,4]) 10 リストの合計 sum(range(11)) 55 イテレータの合計

from tkinter import * tk=Tk() canvas=Canvas(tk,width=400,height=400) canvas.pack() id1=canvas.create_polygon(10,10,10,60,50,35,fill="yellow") canvas.itemconfig(id1,outline="red") id2=canvas.create_arc(10,10,30,30,extent=359,style=ARC) canvas.itemconfig(id2, outline="blue") def movetriangle(event): canvas.move(id1,5,0) def movetriangle2(event): if event.keysym == 'Up': canvas.move(id2,0,-5) if event.keysym == 'Down': canvas.move(id2,0,5) if event.keysym == 'Left': canvas.move(id2,-5,0) if event.keysym == 'Right': canvas.move(id2,5,0) canvas.bind_all(' ',movetriangle2) canvas.bind_all(' ',movetriangle2) canvas.bind_all(' ',movetriangle2) canvas.bind_all(' ',movetriangle2) canvas.bind_all(' ',movetriangle)

from tkinter import * tk=Tk() canvas=Canvas(tk, width=600, height=400) canvas.pack() myImage=PhotoImage(file='tenor.gif') canvas.create_image(0,0,anchor=NW, image=myImage) canvas.create_text(200,350,text='gif画像のみ読み込めます。',font=('Times',20))

source code import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import matplotlib.image as mpimg img = mpimg.imread('mydog2020.PNG') imgplot = plt.imshow(img) plt.show()

from tkinter import * import random tk=Tk() canvas=Canvas(tk, width=400,height=400) canvas.pack() def random_rectangle(width,height,fill_color): x1=random.randrange(width) y1=random.randrange(height) x2=random.randrange(x1+random.randrange(width)) y2=random.randrange(y1+random.randrange(height)) if abs(x1-x2)*abs(y1-y2)>20000: return if abs(x1-x2)

メソッド 説明 self.canvas = tkinter.Canvas(root, bg="white", height=300, width=300) canvas.create_rectangle(10, 20, 100, 50, fill = 'red') canvas.create_oval(100, 100, 150, 150) canvas.create_polygon(250, 10, 220, 100, 150, 100,fill="green") 最低３点必要 canvas.create_line(10, 200, 150, 150, fill='red') 引数　stipple = ビットマップ 塗りつぶしの模様 引数　outline = 色 枠の色 引数　width = 3 枠の幅デフォルト1 canvas.pack() canvas.place(x=0, y=0) Window上の位置指定

Professionally,  Python  is  great  for backend web development, data analysis, artificial intelligence, and scientific computing. Many developers have also used  Python  to build productivity tools, games, and desktop apps, so there are plenty of resources to help you learn how to do those as well.

setup(w,h) setup(width=500,height=500) pen() 自動的にキャンパスを生成 pensize(2) bgcolor("black") up() down() goto(x,y) home() 中心に戻す reset() 図形を消して最初の位置に戻る clear 図形を消去する setheading() forward(100) right(90) left(90) color("red") color(1,0,0) begin_fill() end_fill() circle(10) setx(100) sety(100) hideturtle() screensize( canvwidth=100, canvheight=100) speed("fastest") speed(10)

このケースでは、４０人クラスで同じ誕生日の人が全くいない確率を求め、 最後に、全体の1から引き算する方式を取ります。 #same birthday in 40 member class n=1.0 k=1.0 for i in range(40): n=n*(365-i)/365.0 k=k-n print(k)

>>> "aaa".capitalize() 'Aaa' >>> "Hi, Mac, Hello".casefold() 'hi, mac, hello' >>> "123".center(6) ' 123 ' >>> print("123".center(6)) 123 >>> print("123".center(10,"z")) zzz123zzzz >>> str="I love Python. Python is a programming language" >>> str.count("Python") 2 >>> text="Python is easy to learn." >>> text.endswith('to learn.') True >>> str='xyz\t1234\tzzz\t45' >>> str.expandtabs() 'xyz 1234 zzz 45' >>> str="Let me test this string" >>> str.find("test") 7 >>> str.find("that") -1 >>> print("Hello {}, my fav no is {}.".format("Tom", 888)) Hello Tom, my fav no is 888.

from turtle import * screensize(canvwidth=200,canvheight=200) speed("fastest") hideturtle() for i in range(10): for j in range(10): if i % 2 ==0 and j%2 ==0: fillcolor("green") elif i % 2 == 0 and j%2 ==1: fillcolor("yellow") elif i % 2 == 1 and j%2 ==0: fillcolor("pink") elif i % 2 == 1 and j%2 ==1: fillcolor("blue") up() setx(i*20) sety(j*20) down() begin_fill() circle(10) end_fill()

from turtle import * screensize(canvwidth=100,canvheight=100) speed("fastest") up() sety(250) setx(100) down() hideturtle() def drawLine(): for i in range(9): forward(12*i) right(30) for i in range(0,20): drawLine() right(36)

from turtle import * screensize(canvwidth=100,canvheight=100) speed("fastest") up() sety(150) down() hideturtle() def drawLine(): for i in range(7): forward(15*i) right(30) for i in range(0,60): drawLine() right(36)

Lists and tuples are standard Python data types that store values in a sequence. Sets are another standard Python data type that also store values. The major difference is that sets, unlike lists or tuples, cannot have multiple occurrences of the same element and store unordered values. What does set () do in Python? set() method is used to convert any of the iterable to sequence of iterable elements with distinct elements, commonly called Set. Parameters : Any iterable sequence like list, tuple or dictionary. Returns : An empty set if no element is passed. Non-repeating element iterable modified as passed as argument.

# calculate average weight wlist=[] for i in range(0,500): mes="Input your weight (0 exit): "+str(i)+" " w=input(mes) iw=int(w) if iw==0: break wlist.append(iw) print(wlist) print("input number = %d " % len(wlist)) print("sum = %d average = %d " %(sum(wlist) , sum(wlist)/len(wlist))) 補足：体重の値に０が入力されるまで、５００人以下なら何人でも体重の値を受け付け、 その平均値を求めます。

>>> >>> len([1,2,3]) 3 >>> [1,2,3]+[4,5,6] [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] >>> ["hello! "]*3 ['hello! ', 'hello! ', 'hello! '] >>> 3 in [1,2,3] True >>> max([1,2,3,4]) 4 >>> min([1,2,3]) 1 >>> list((1,2,3)) #converts a tuple into list [1, 2, 3] >>> for x in [10,20,30]: print(x) 10 20 30 >>>

What is sequence a particular order in which related events, movements, or things follow each other. a set of related events, movements, or things that follow each other in a particular order. what are 6 built-in types of sequence in python In this Python Sequence Tutorial, we will discuss 6 types of Sequence: String, list, tuples, Byte sequences, byte array, and range object. What are sequence types in Python? There are seven sequence types: strings, Unicode strings, lists, tuples, bytearrays, buffers, and xrange objects. Dictionaries and sets are containers for sequential data. See the official python documentation on sequences: What are the sequence data types? Sequences allow you to store multiple values in an organized and efficient fashion. There are several sequence types: strings, Unicode strings, lists, tuples, bytearrays, and range objects. Dictionaries and sets are containers for non-sequential data. Enable Ginger Cannot connect to Ginger Check your in...

 ああああああ いいいい うううう 11111 22222 3333 ああああ😚😑⇨⌚🌂 リンクここから

aaaaa bbbbb ccccc rrrr aaaa bbbb cccc

import tkinter as tk import tkinter.filedialog as fd import PIL.Image import PIL.ImageTk def openFile(): fpath=fd.askopenfilename() if fpath: print(fpath) dispPhoto(fpath) def dispPhoto(path): newImage=PIL.Image.open(path).resize((300,300)) imageData=PIL.ImageTk.PhotoImage(newImage) imageLabel.configure(image=imageData) imageLabel.image=imageData root=tk.Tk() root.geometry("400x350") btn=tk.Button(text="ファイルを開く", command=openFile) imageLabel=tk.Label() btn.pack() imageLabel.pack() tk.mainloop()

#再起関数 def printNumber1(n): if n 実行結果

''' 鶴と亀の頭の数の合計と足の数の合計から、 鶴と亀の数を調べます。 ''' def turukamezan(head,leg): print("head : %d , leg : %d " % (head, leg)) ans=0 for turu in range(0,head+1): for kame in range(0,head+1): if turu+kame == head and (turu*2+kame*4 == leg): print("turu : %d , kame : %d " % ( turu , kame)) ans=1 break if ans == 0: print("no answer") turukamezan(3,10) turukamezan(9,26) turukamezan(9,25) turukamezan(4,10)

import tkinter as tk from random import randint def get(): global count_number number = guess.get() if number random_number: count_number +=1 count.set(count_number) hint.set("Lower!") root.after(1000, clear_hint) else: hint.set("Well guessed!") count_number +=1 count.set(count_number) root.after(5000, setup) def setup(): global random_number global count_number random_number = randint(1, 100) guess.set(0) count.set(0) hint.set("Start Guessing!") root.after(5000, clear_hint) def clear_hint(): hint.set("") root = tk.Tk() root.geometry("300x60") root.title("数当てゲーム(1-100)") hint = tk.StringVar() guess = tk.IntVar() count=tk.IntVar() random_number = 0 count_number=0 tk.Entry(textvariable=guess).grid(column=0, row=0) tk.Button(root, text="Guess", command=get).grid(column=1, row=0) tk.Label(root, tex...

from random import randint def get(): number = guess.get() if number random_number: hint.set("Lower!") root.after(1000, clear_hint) else: hint.set("Well guessed!") root.after(5000, setup) def setup(): global random_number random_number = randint(1, 100) guess.set(0) hint.set("Start Guessing!") root.after(5000, clear_hint) def clear_hint(): hint.set("") root = tk.Tk() root.geometry("300x200") root.title("数当てゲーム(1-100)") hint = tk.StringVar() guess = tk.IntVar() random_number = 0 tk.Entry(textvariable=guess).grid(column=0, row=0) tk.Button(root, text="Guess", command=get).grid(column=1, row=0) tk.Label(root, textvariable=hint).grid(column=0, row=1) setup()

random.randint(a, b)¶ Return a random integer N such that a

①　変数の宣言不要です ②　char 型はない。　すべて文字列で表す。 ③　一つの変数で、異なる型を扱える。　最後に代入した型となる。 ④　OOPである。 ⑤　プログラム構造をインデントで表現する ⑥　配列はなく、文字列、リスト、タプル　などで操作する。 ⑦　コンパイラーではなく、インタープリターである。 ⑧　高速処理が必須の場合は、関数を用いて書く（関数自体はC言語で作られている。） ⑨　構造体はクラスで書く ⑩　ポインター　はない。 ⑪　自前関数の定義は参照前に定義する。 ⑫　参照するモジュールは、プログラムの先頭でimportする

 プログラムソース from tkinter import * from tkinter.ttk import * root = Tk() Label(root, text='GeekforGeeks',       font=('Verdana',15)).pack(side=TOP,pady=10) photo = PhotoImage(file=r"c:\python\mydog2020.PNG") photoimage=photo.subsample(3,3) Button(root,text='Click Me !',        image=photoimage,compound=TOP).pack(side=TOP) mainloop() compound=LEFT に変更した場合 Tkinter  is a Python module which is used to create GUI (Graphical User Interface) applications with the help of varieties of widgets and functions. Like any other GUI module it also supports images i.e you can use images in the application to make it more attractive. Image can be added with the help of  PhotoImage()  method. This is a Tkinter method which means you don’t have to import any other module in order to use it. Important:  If both image and text are given on  Button , the text will be dominated and only image will appear on the Button. But if you want to show both...

mumpy.org/learn

matplotlib.pyplot.plot